Root nodulation of Sesbania rostrata suppresses stem nodulation by Sinorhizobium teranga but not Azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and Sinorhizobium teranga ORS51 and ORS52 are symbionts of the same host plant Sesbania rostrata. In nature, A. caulinodans nodulates more competitively the stem-located infection sires of Sesbania rostrata. Sinorhizobium strains, although frequently present in root nodules, are seldom found in stem nodules. One probable explanation for this phenomenon is the more abundant presence of Azorhizobium on the leaf and stem surfaces of the host plant. Work presented here hints at other plausible factors that determine the greater ''stem specificity'' of Azorhizobium. We found that under experimental conditions in which roots are not inoculated, all strains nodulated stems very well. However, ORS51 and ORS52 were much more sensitive than ORS571 to suppression of stem nodulation by previous root inoculation. The introduction of the regulatory nodD gene from A. caulinodans diminished the sensitivity to this suppression, probably by enhanced nod gene expression and subsequent Nod factor production. Our hypothesis is that the greater infectivity of ORS571 is due to a more efficient production of mitogenic Nod factors at stem-located infection sites, thereby more readily overcoming systemic suppression caused by previous root inoculations