Cold plasma jet sources are of major interest for medical applications, especially in oncology. Due to their chemical (production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species), radiative (UV/visible radiation), thermal and electrical (electric field, current pulses) properties, cold plasma jets constitute an innovative therapeutic tool. Prior to clinical use, it is necessary to understand the fundamental physics mechanisms that govern their operation but also to create ad hoc sources to obtain significant anti-tumour efficacy from tumour models with a poor prognosis. This thesis is therefore positioned at the interface of two parts: on the one hand, a part dedicated to the physics of streamers and cold plasma jet sources carried out at the LPP (...