International audienceThrough a comparison of French and Spanish citizen debt audit groups, this article proposes to re-flect on the ways citizens are likely to intertwin public finances and law in their discourses and prac-tices. We analyze how and why such groups were led to use law and litigation, without being able to interact on a deliberative way with their decision-makers about financial decisions. By taking a com-parative look at the judicial pathways and legal consciousness of citizen-auditors, the paper’s aim is to highlight the difficulties to gets courts to admit critique of the uses of public finance.À partir d'une comparaison des actions en justice de collectifs d'audit citoyen de la dette en France et en Espagne, cet article ...