International audienceThe historiography of these last thirty years dedicated to the economy of Babylonia in the 1st millenium BC, and to the situation of women in Mesopotamia during the same period, was used as the basis of studies undertaken within the context of the ANR-REFEMA project. We clearly see emerge certain major factors: down the social scale (slaves, oblates, dependents) women and men who carry out activities differentiated by their area of competence and deemed specific to each: hard labour and work carried out outside for men, domestic work and work linked to food and textile production for women. This does not preclude, like for previous periods, the undifferentiated use of this servile or dependent female workforce when ins...