CW thickness measurements in different conditions, and controls for the effect of lectins and laser illumination on cell growth.

(A) Mid-slice confocal image of a dividing hyphae, stained with fluorescent lectins, demonstrating that lectins only decorate exposed polysaccharides at the cell surface, and not internal CWs at the septum. (B) Impact of lectin (WGA) and fluorescent imaging on cell growth speeds (n > 15 cells in each condition). (C) CW thickness measured with 2 different lectins: WGA (n = 82 cells) or ConA (n = 89). (D) CW thickness measurement using PH-GFP to label the plasma membrane (n = 103) or other plasma membrane marker: the FM4-64 dye (n = 25) or a strain expressing the membrane-associated synaptobrevin protein SSOA-GFP (n = 49). (E) CW thickness of cells grown in minimal liquid media (WMM, n = 53), rich liquid media (MCA, n = 81), or rich solid media (MCA, n = 19), using the WGA lectin. (F) Cell radii in the same conditions as in E. (G) CW thickness of spores, cells sides, and tips in germling tubes (n = 24, 11 and 11 cells). Scale bar, 2 μm. Error bars correspond to +/− SD. Results were compared by using a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test. n.s, P > 0.05; **, P P P S1 Data. ConA, Concanavalin A; CW, cell wall; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; WMM, watch minimal medium. (TIF)