The purpose of this thesis is the theoretical study of the influence of the oriented external electric field (OEEF) along the reaction axis. The double proton transfer (DPT) reactions have been chosen as a model reaction to understand and rationalize the effect of an electric field on the inter-conversion between the different reaction mechanisms. The evolution of the electronic structure as well as that of the chemical bond during the DPT reactions were analyzed in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT), the topological analysis of the ELF function and the NBO orbital description. The studied systems represent whole of the energetic profiles characteristic of DPT reactions going from perfectly synchronous concerted mechanism...