Parental perceptions and experiences of infant crying: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research

Background: excessive infant crying is common and can have a huge impact on families and well-being. Systematically reviewing qualitative studies on infant crying can provide a greater understanding of parental perceptions and experiences.Aim: this study sought to systematically review and thematically synthesize qualitative studies exploring parents/carers' views and experiences of infant crying.Design: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research.Data Sources: electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from the earliest date available to January 2022. We selected papers focussing on parents/carers' experiences, views, attitudes and beliefs about infant crying. We excluded papers focussing on health professionals' views and children older than 12 months.Review Methods: thematic synthesis was followed for the analysis of included studies and quality appraisal was conducted.Results: we synthesized 22 papers, reporting data from 376 participants in eight countries. Four analytical themes were developed: (1) Experiences and impact of crying; (2) parental management strategies; (3) the role of the health professional; (4) the role of infant feeding and maternal diet. Our findings suggest that infant crying has a substantial emotional impact on parents/carers that often impacts relationships. Parents/carers reported using a range of soothing techniques and coping strategies but were desperate to find effective treatment or cure. Support was often perceived as lacking. Excessive crying and beliefs about the role of maternal diet on breastmilk were reported to undermine parents' confidence in breastfeeding by making them feel their milk is insufficient or harmful, or through pressure from others to stop breastfeeding.Conclusion: parents/carers use a range of strategies to interpret and deal with the challenges of infant crying, but there is a need for more information and support.Impact: findings can be used to inform future research and interventions to support families experiencing excessive infant crying