Cytokines released by cancer cells or by cells of the tumor microenvironment stimulate angiogenesis, act as autocrine or paracrine growth factors for malignant cells, promote tumor cell migration and metastasis or create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These tumor-promoting effects of cytokines also apply to neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric neuroectodermal malignancy with frequent metastatic presentation at diagnosis and poor prognosis. IL-6 and VEGF are the best characterized cytokines that stimulated tumor growth and metastasis, while others such as IFN-? can exert anti-NB activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. On the other hand, cytokines are part of the anti-NB therapeutic armamentarium, as exemplif...
<div><p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is a typical childhood and heterogeneous neoplasm for which efficient tar...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor of early childhood arising in tissues of the sympathetic ne...
The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic, constantly evolving interplay between tumor cells, immune c...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and arises from develop...
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor in infants and young children. The survival rate...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and arises from develop...
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial childhood tumour but effective treatment with curren...
Purpose Children diagnosed at age >= 18 months with metastatic MYCN-nonamplified neuroblastoma (NBL-...
Immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of pediatric cancers. In neuroblastoma, the rece...
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is prop...
Cytokine & Growth Factor ReviewsThe role of cytokines in modulating the formation of new tumors ...
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid cancer of heterogeneous clinical behavior. The unique features of...
Neuroblastoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, is the most common cancer in infancy. 75 % of those affected ...
<div><p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is a typical childhood and heterogeneous neoplasm for which efficient tar...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor of early childhood arising in tissues of the sympathetic ne...
The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic, constantly evolving interplay between tumor cells, immune c...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and arises from develop...
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor in infants and young children. The survival rate...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood and arises from develop...
Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial childhood tumour but effective treatment with curren...
Purpose Children diagnosed at age >= 18 months with metastatic MYCN-nonamplified neuroblastoma (NBL-...
Immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of pediatric cancers. In neuroblastoma, the rece...
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is prop...
Cytokine & Growth Factor ReviewsThe role of cytokines in modulating the formation of new tumors ...
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid cancer of heterogeneous clinical behavior. The unique features of...
Neuroblastoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, is the most common cancer in infancy. 75 % of those affected ...
<div><p>Neuroblastoma (NB) is a typical childhood and heterogeneous neoplasm for which efficient tar...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric neuroendocrine neoplasm. It arises from the sympatho-adrenal linea...