TcdB triggers a NLRP3-independent inflammasome response in murine macrophages.

IL-1β release from WT and NLRP3-deficient BMDM (A) or PMs (B) primed with LPS (200 ng/ml, 3 h), then activated with nigericin and TcdB for 2 h or dA:dT for 4 h. (C) Caspase-1 and IL-1β immunoblots of precipitated supernatant or cell lysate from WT and NLRP3-deficient BMDM treated as in (A). (D) Caspase-1 and IL-1β immunoblots of precipitated supernatant or cell lysate from LPS primed WT BMDM either untreated or pretreated with CP-456,773 (2.5 μM, 30 min), then stimulated as in (A). Mean and SEM of 3 independent experiments shown, immunoblots are representative of 3 independent experiments. The underlying data can be found in the summary data file in the tab Fig 4A and 4B. BMDM, bone marrow–derived macrophage; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PM, peritoneal macrophage; WT, wild-type.