In this work, we consider the multidimensional time-fractional diffusion equation with the $\psi$-Hilfer derivative. This fractional derivative enables the interpolation between Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives and its kernel depends on an arbitrary positive monotone increasing function $\psi$ thus encompassing several fractional derivatives in the literature. This allows us to obtain general results for different families of problems that depend on the function $\psi$ selected. By employing techniques of Fourier, $\psi$-Laplace, and Mellin transforms, we obtain a solution representation in terms of convolutions involving Fox H-functions for the Cauchy problem associated with our equation. Series representations of the fi...