Paradigms for uncertainty treatments: A comparative analysis with application to measurement

This paper shows that, among diverse axiomatic systems (many-valued logics, fuzzy sets, calculus of probability, and theory of evidence), the calculus of probability uniquely provides a paradigm able to process uncertainty without violating any classical logic’s law (excluded middle, non-contradiction, and so on). A characterization of this paradigm is outlined in mathematical logic terms, focusing on quantitative treatment of measurement uncertainty