The research question is based on demonstration of the existence of a recent channel incision by the Niger river in the upper part of its course (upstream of Ségou, Mali), running contrary to the opinion that silting is in progress, a view being shared by the technical agencies involved in the management of the basin. The hypothesis is supported by diachronic topometric observations: surveys of cross sections of the low flow channel, depth mapping of the Sélingué dam reservoir and also by examination of the evolution of the rating curve at Koulikoro gauging station, one of the oldest in West Africa. An incision tendency is clear since the early 1980s. The main reason is human and related to the extraction of building materials for Bamako. T...