Ion exchange membranes (or electrolyte membranes) currently used in electrochemical storage devices (batteries and fuel cells) are generally the result of a polluting, complex and expensive synthesis. The most studied architecture is a perfluorosulfonated ionomer known as Nafion, which fulfills almost all the prerequisites of a high-performance ion membrane: high mechanical and thermochemical resistance, high ionic conduction and low swelling. Nanocellulose is a biosourced polymer material that can be used for the production of membranes, also called nanopapers with excellent mechanical strength. However, these materials must be chemically modified to fulfill the role of a polymer electrolyte membrane. The objective of this thesis is theref...