A comparative study of coronary artery disease in diabetics and non-diabetics

Background: Cardiovascular diseases accounts for the greatest burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide, both in developed and in developing countries. Coronary Heart Disease makes up more than half of all CVD deaths in men and women under 75 years of age, is eases with a lifetime risk of developing CHD after age 40 years, of 49 per cent for men and 32 per cent for women. The Framingham study showed that the risk of cardiovascular death was increased 4-5 fold in women and 2 fold in men with predominantly type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The present study was undertaken at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Hospital, Bhilai, Dist. Durg, Chhattisgarh, India between the periods of September- 2010, September-2012 (2 years). 120 cases of CAD were studied, out of which 60 cases are diabetic CAD and 60 cases are non-diabetic CAD. Sample is drawn by simple random technique. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee. Total Cases were 120, Diabetic CAD (Group -1)-60 and Non-diabetic CAD (Group 2)-60. Results: Male to female ratio in group-1 was 2.3:1 and in group-2 it was 1.7:1. Females were commonly affected in the diabetic group than non-diabetic group. Diabetics are more obese than non-diabetics. Non-diabetics have higher ideal body weight 58.33% than diabetic (36.66%) (p<0.001); whereas proportion of over-weight people was same in both groups. Among the diabetic group and non-diabetic group maximum number of cases belonged to low risk category with total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol, but with borderline risk with HDL cholesterol.Conclusions: CAD in diabetics had considerably higher percent of severe and unpredictable presentation. Diabetics have a higher risk factor profile and poor clinical outcome.