This article deals with the issue of the independence of the judiciary in a context of social dissent and its function as guarantor of the rule of law and the respect of human rights standards in a situation of peaceful social protest aiming to challenge the authority of the state. Accordingly, it has been explored the role that an independent judiciary must play in order to assure the prevalence of the international human rights standards accepted by a State over its own national legislation on that regard. Conceptualizing the phenomenon of social dissent entails to identify the groups, contexts and scope of this practice, as well as the actors who usually participate in the processes of its criminalization through the use of criminal law....