Contribution of vital rates to the difference in population growth rate (Δλ) between the control and other treatments (bio I, <i>biodiversity 1</i>; bio II, <i>biodiversity 2</i>; cutflower, <i>flower cut</i> treatment; combi I, <i>combination</i> treatment 1; combi II, <i>combination</i> 2; cutseed, <i>seed cut</i> treatment) in the pooled <i>J</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> population, as determined by LTRE (life-table response experiment) analysis.

Bar sections above zero display the summed positive contributions (orange) and bar sections below zero the summed negative contributions (blue).