Results of the life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis.

<p>Deterministic population growth rates (λ) were compared before versus during hardwood removal. (A-C) Sensitivity of λ to vital rates. (D-F) LTRE contributions of vital rates to observed differences in λ. Note that four vital rates (i.e., transition rates for non-reproductive and reproductive adults, litter size, and γ) did not contribute to observed differences in population growth rate because separate estimates of these vital rates before and during hardwood removal were unavailable.