Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of extradural tramadol in dogs
- Vettorato, E
- Zonca, A
- Isola, Maurizio
- Villa, R
- Gallo, M
- Ravasio, G
- Beccaglia, M
- Montesissa, Clara
- Cagnardi, P.
DOIAbstract
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (i.v.) and extradural (e.d.) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. E.d. tramadol provided sufficient intra- and pos...
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