This thesis is dedicated to the study of symmetries in reduced models of gravity, with some frozen degrees of freedom. In particular, we focus on the minisuperspace reduction where the number of remaining degrees of freedom is finite. This work takes its place in the quest of understanding the role of physical and gauge symmetries in gravity. Consistent efforts have been made in this direction by the study of boundary symmetries. They can turn gauge into physical symmetries, this being related to the appearance of an infinite dimensional algebra of conserved charges. I choose here a simplified setup provided by minisuperspaces. They are treated as mechanical models, evolving in one spacetime direction. This evolution parameter represents th...