In this work, dedicated to the modular group PSL(2;Z), we investigate several arithmetical and topological structures underlying its set of conjugacy classes, such as equivalence relations and bilinear pairings.The modular group PSL(2;Z) acts on the hyperbolic plane with quotient the modular surface M, whose unit tangent bundle U is a 3-manifold homeomorphic to the complement of the trefoil knot in the 3-sphere. The modular knots in U are the periodic orbits for the geodesic flow, the lifts of closed oriented geodesics in M, which correspond to hyperbolic conjugacy classes in PSL(2;Z). Their linking numbers with the trefoil is well understood. We are concerned with the linking numbers between modular knots and derive several formulae with c...