International audienceThe paper discusses the consequences of a probable change of attitude of Maimonides towards the Karaites. It envisages Karaites as possible intended readers of Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed and aims to explain his aborted project to write a treatise on the allegorical interpretation of Talmudic aggadot. It then examines a statement by Maimonides' son Abraham, which explicit a link between the need to offer an allegorical interpertation of aggadot and the struggle against Karaism.L'article discute les conséquences d'un probable changement de position de Maïmonide à propos des karaïtes au fil de sa vie. Nous envisageons que les karaïtes aient pu figurer parmi les destinataires du Guide des égarés, ce qui expliquera...