Background and aims. In the field of pediatric pulmonology, in the past 10 years there has been a growing interest toward the study of the airway inflammation by means of non-invasive techniques. In fact, although bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsies still represents the gold standard technique for the study of the lung, its invasiveness prevents a diffuse use, particularly when working with children. Non-invasive techniques have therefore been developed, the most studied of which is the measurement of the exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), a marker of eosinophilic inflammation. A second promising non-invasive technique is represented by the analysis of exhaled breath condesate (EBC). This is a biofluid collected by ...