Uwagi o jednym z paradoksów współczesnego polskiego konserwatyzmu (z uwzględnieniem perspektywy historycznej)

The author of the article presents crucial points of Polish conservatism in the past, first of all in the XIX th century, in relation to the liberal and socialist orientations. Conservative concepts of law and rights, individuality and community, state and overnment, are presented as the main areas of political debates with liberals and socialists. Contemporary discussions in which participate conservatives have new dimension, skeptical not only to the political (scientific?) ideologies, but also to the state, especially to the nation-state concepts. Some of them pre sent, as the author presents in the second part of the article, new concepts of the citizen's identity: in relations not to the state, but rather to the transnational, for example, European traditions, without states, but - paradoxically - with such terms as human rights, democracy or toleration