Building on the premise that religious institutions and the initiatives that they engender have an important place in the history of education, this special issue analyses the methods by which the various aspects of religious tradition and heritage are transmitted, in particular but not exclusively in Catholic milieus, by enlarging the perspective relative to educational institutions. We examine various places, actors and events that converge parallel to the construction of secular schools and sometimes in reaction to them, to maintain and transform the process of religious transmission (knowledge, soft skills and identities) in the period of secularization. The articles deal with schools and their status – private or public, religious or l...