International audienceIn 1962, some 650 000 people left Algeria, most of them withdrawing to France. It is an unprecedented event, given its magnitude. In the space of four months, the total refugee population equalled five years of former migration waves related to French decolonization. This sudden surge occurred during the period between the Evian agreements and the first months following Algeria’s independence. After a historical presentation of the different populations concerned by this exodus –Europeans from Algeria who become pieds-noirs, Israelites natives to Algeria who become Algerian Jews, French of North-African extraction who become French Muslim repatriates–, the factors underlying this forced political migration during the d...