National audienceIn the context of the 2006/7/EC directive requiring to establish a profile for each bathing water, with the identification and hierarchization of faecal pollution sources, six French research laboratories have worked together to develop a Microbial Source Tracking (MST) toolbox including microbial and chemical markers to determine the human and animal origin of surface water contaminations. Following technical developments, 14 markers were shortlisted: two ratios of concentrations of faecal steroids (coprostanol/(coprostanol + 24-ethylcoprostanol) and sitostanol/coprostanol), two ratios of organic matter fluorescence (GFI and bio/geo), caffeine, benzophenone, TCEP, human (II and III) and animal genogroups (I and IV) of F-sp...