This article develops a formal analysis of the recovery process for a fishery, from crisis situations to desired levels of sustainable exploitation, using the theoretical framework of viable control. The authors define sustainability as a combination of biological, economic and social constraints which need to be met for a viable fishery to exist. Biological constraints are based on the definition of a minimum resource stock to be preserved. Economic constraints relate to the existence of a guaranteed profit per vessel. Social constraints refer to the maintenance of aminimumsize of the fleet, and to themaximumspeed at which fleet adjustment can take place. Using fleet size adjustment and fishing effort per vessel as control variables, they ...