EDEPSInternational audienceThis paper explores the link between P. falciparum malaria – most of malaria morbidity and mortality is due to the malignant Plasmodium falciparum – and primary education in terms of school performances at the macroeconomic stage. Cross-country regression analysis shows that the relation between school results (measured by repetition and completion rates) and the P. falciparum malaria index is strong.The results implies that the achievement of the education Millennium Development Goals will require more than just focusing on expenditure in primary education. This paper suggests that health conditions and especially diseases that alter cognitive capacities of children such as malaria should be taken into account. T...