For the last ten years, the research concerning ancient history of Ethiopia focus on relations of the highlands of Tigrai and Eritrea with populations and civilisations of adjoining regions, especially of the Nile Valley. It is seemingly a way to reconsider the Ethiopian history in the 1st millennium BC, which was often called "pre‐Aksumite" (following the suggestion of Fr. Anfray) in order to outline a process of development and to distinguish a kind of a preliminary phase which has to set up the emergence of the Aksumite kingdom. Such an argument claims against the idea of a culturally monolithic "pre‐Aksumite" polity: yet, considering the various endogenous and exogenous elements, from Egypt and the Nile Valley to Southern Arabia, it emp...