This monograph, designed to celebrate the centenary of the arrival in Italy of Pedro Tellez Giron, III Duke of Osuna, as viceroy of Sicily, collects 36 essays dedicated to him and to his myth, basically born from his government at first as viceroy of Sicily (1611-1616) and then of Naples (1616-1620). Many of the works deal with historical and cultural problems of Europe-wide, investigating aspects of the personal and political life of Tellez Giron, the historical and cultural role he played and the literary and historical myth which he gave rise, while others light moments of the Sicilian and Neapolitan history and art of the early decades of the seventeenth century