Oxidative stress in cows in the peripartal period – cause or consequence of metabolic disorders

U intenzivnoj stočarskoj proizvodnji, od muznih krava se očekuje maksimalno iskorišćavanje genetskog potencijala i što veći prinos mleka. Najveći izazov u tom smislu predstavlja peripartalni period koji obuhvata tri nedelje pre i tri nedelje posle partusa. Tada se u organizmu krave dešavaju velike hormonske, metaboličke i imunološke promene. Mnogi metabolički poremećaji koji su karakteristični za ovaj period, posledica su neizbalansirane ishrane i nepravilne pripreme jedinke za ulazak u intenzivnu laktaciju. Masna jetra, ketoza, dislokacija sirišta i puerperalna pareza predstavljaju glavne poremećaje karakteristične za ovaj period, a oksidativni stres može imati veliku ulogu u njihovoj pojavi. Osim navedenih poremećaja, zaostajanje posteljice i pojava mastitisa, mogu takođe biti u vezi sa oksidativnim stresom. U ovom radu ćemo analizirati podatke iz naših istraživanja i dostupne literature i pokušati da objasnimo ulogu oksidativnog stresa u peripartalnom periodu, sa posebnim osvrtom na primenu antioksidanasa u cilju preveniranja pojave ili posledica metaboličkih poremećaja.In intensive production, dairy cows are expected to make the most of their genetic potential and maximize milk yield. The biggest challenge in this regard is the peripartal period, which includes three weeks before and three weeks after parturition. In that interval major hormonal, metabolic and immune changes occur in the cow’s body. Many metabolic disorders that are characteristic of this period are the result of an unbalanced diet and improper preparation of the individual to enter intensive lactation. Fatty liver, ketosis, dislocation of the abomasum, and puerperal paresis are the main disorders which are characteristic of this period, and oxidative stress can play a major role in their occurrence. In addition to these disorders, retained placenta and mastitis may also be related to oxidative stress. In this paper, we will analyze the data from our research and the available literature, and try to explain the role of oxidative stress in the peripartal period, with special emphasis on the use of antioxidants in the prevention of the occurrence or consequences of metabolic disorders