A Study on Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed by IADPSG (International Association of Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Group) Criteria at Tertiary Care Hospital

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical disorder complicating pregnancy. If left untreated it may result in various maternal and fetal complications. Treatment includes simple dietary modifications to insulin therapy. Counseling the patients regarding the need for frequent blood glucose monitoring and frequent antenatal visits helps to achieve optimal glycemic control. Early diagnosis and good glycemic control reduces both maternal and fetal complications in GDM. The present study shows that highest incidence of GDM occurs at around 29 years and that most of the cases can be managed with diet & exercises as first line of therapy. The study also shows that the incidence of pregnancy complications like PIH, IUGR, IUFD & polyhydramnios are increased significantly in these cases. The study confirms the increased rate of LSCS in GDM cases (more than 50%), the indications being not only GDM but also the associated risk factors like PIH and IUGR, big baby,etc.The intra partum complications like asphyxia, birth trauma, shoulder dystocia, postpartum haemorrhage are noted with increased frequency in these cases. The neonatal metabolic complications like hypoglycemia, hypocalcaemia, RDS, hyperbilirubinemia, low Apgar are increased in babies of GDM mothers. Most of the babies need NICU care either for the morbidity or for observation upto 48-72 hours. Large for gestation babies are common in GDM cases. The incidence of macrosomy is also increased contributing for birth trauma. Good glycemic control in GDM cases decreases both maternal and fetal morbidity