Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Donor Transplantasi Organ Tubuh Manusia Yang Bersifat Komersil Dikaitkan Dengan Hak Seseorang Atas Tubuhnya (The Right of Self-Determination)

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Transplantasi organ tubuh manusia merupakan salah satu alternatif pengobatan yang berkembang pesat dalam dunia kedokteran, maka dapat terjadi komersialisasi organ tubuh. Hal ini sudah dilarang dalam UU Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan termasuk sanksi pidananya. Larangan penawaran organ tubuh dalam kenyataannya masih ditemukan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaturan dan penegakan hukum pidana terhadap komersialisai organ tubuh manusia dalam transplantasi sebagai salah satu upaya kesehatan. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara yuridis normatif, dengan metode spesifikasi deskriptif analisis dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil: Diketahui bahwa dalam peraturan hukum Pidana di Indonesia tidak diatur secara spesifik mengenai Transplantasi Organ, akan tetapi hanya mengatur tentang tindakan yang mengarah pada larangan jual beli organ. Aturan transplantasi organ sendiri diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, yang pada dasarnya bahwa secara hukum tindakan transplantasi organ dilakukan bukan untuk tujuan komerisal atau mendapat keuntungan tetapi hanya untuk tujuan kemanusiaan. Simpulan: Dalam penegakan hukum pidana terhadap donor transplantasi organ tubuh manusia setidak-tidaknya harus dibuktikan dulu mengenai unsur hukum pidana yaitu: pertama unsur subjektif yaitu kesengajaan; dan kedua unsur objektif yaitu orang yang melakukan perbuatannya dalam hal ini perbuatan atau tindakan transplantasi organ yang dengan maksud komersialisasi. Jika unsur tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka penegakan hukum pidana tidak bisa dilakukan, kecuali apabila unsur tersebut terbukti melanggar suatu tindak pidana yang dilarang oleh undang-undang yang berlaku.Kata kunci: Hukum Pidana, Transplantasi, Hak Seseorang Atas Tubuhnya (The Right of Self-Determination). ABSTRACT Introduction: Transplantation of human organs is one alternative treatment that developed rapidly. On the basis of the right to determine against his body, encouraged by among others the availability of organs is very limited compared to the needs, including also to surrender parts of his body to others. Soit can happen the commercialization of organs, but this is have been banned in the act of health law number 36 of 2009. Nevertheless had you in reality found symptom of a person offering a body organ that can lead to the allegation that the transacation or commercialization of the body organ has actually occurred. Objective: To know the regulation and enforcement of criminal law against commercialization of human organs in transplantation as one of the health efforts. Methods: This research is conducted by normative juridical, with qualitative method and directed to the analysis and menggunakan secondary data that is data obtained from library materials. Results: Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that in the Criminal Law regulation in Indonesia not specifically regulated on Organ Transplantation, but only regulate actions that lead to the prohibition of buying and selling organs. While transplantation rules are regulated in the act of health law number 36 of 2009, it is basically for legal transplantation should only be done for humanitarian purposes and should not be done for commercial purposes. This arrangement fits very well with the purpose of organ transplantation which is very specific for humanitarian purposes. Conclusions: In the criminal law enforcement of donor transplantation of human body organs must at least be proved first about the elements: first the subjective element is by intent; and the two objective elements are everyone and commits acts with a commercial purpose in the execution of organ transplants or body tissues or blood transfusions. If such element is not fulfilled then enforcement of criminal law can not be done, unless the element is proven to violate a criminal act that is prohibited by applicable law.Keywords: Criminal Law, Transplantation, Right of Self-Determination