[Article] The Inside Stories of Contract Document Exchanges in Joseon : The Types and Characteristics of Bonmungis 本文記

application/pdf契約文書は朝鮮時代の私文書のうち最も伝存量が多く、伝存時期が広範囲にわたっており、授受者の身分の幅も広い文書だと言える。その中でも割合の大きい文書が土地売買文記である。土地売買は官の公証なしに私人間の文書作成によって契約が成立するかわりに、契約時に契約文書以外に他の文書を添付することが多い。同一の土地が過去に取引されたことがあれば、その際に作成された売買文記を添付することが一般的であり、これを本文記という。本文記ほど一般的ではないが、対象物が登載された各種の権原文記が添付されることもある。 本稿で事例分析した結果、売買契約文書において本文記が言及されたものは70パーセント程度だが、このうち約半分だけが、実際に本文記を添付することを明記していた。これは、土地売買の際、本文記の授受が決して日常的な慣行ではなかったことを示している。権原文記を添付した事例は、本文記よりも少ない。財産相続文書や訴訟文書が権原文記になる場合が多いので、これを土地売買の際に一緒に提供すれば、残りの財産に対する権利行使が難しくなるからである。 実際に、名門両班家の伝存古文書を見ると、その家の社会経済的影響力が大きいほど、契約文書において本文記の残る割合が大きい。特に、権原文記の場合、地域の両班単位ではあまり見られず、全国的に名高いごく少数の家門に見られるのみである。つまり、社会経済的地位が高いほど、その地位を利用して本文記、権原文記を取得する確率が高く、所有権がしっかりと保障される確率が高かったことを推測させる。しかし、これは推定であり、今後より多くの契約文書の分析による立証が必要である。Contract documents comprise the biggest portion of private documents remaining today from Joseon through a broad span of periods and a wide spectrum of social standing between the concerned parties. The biggest percentage of the documents consists of land sales contracts. Land deals were made through the preparation of a document between individuals without the need of a notarization from authorities. In many cases, additional documents were attached to the contracts during the process of making the contract. In general, the old contracts were attached, and they were called Bonmungis. Various types of title documents for objects of transaction were attached in some cases. The case analysis results show that approximately 70% of sales contract documents mentioned a Bonmungi and about 50% of them mentioned the intention to attach a Bonmungi. Cases of title documents being attached were far fewer than those of Bonmungis attached. This was because documents on inheritance of property or lawsuits were used as title documents in many cases. In the case of land transactions, once they were provided along with sales contracts, the other party would have extreme difficulty exercising their right to the remaining property. However, it was not common practice to provide a Bonmungi or title document in addition to a sales contract in the case of land transactions. A look at antique documents transmitted in prestigious noble families show that the greater their social and economic influences were, the bigger the influx of Bonmungis and title documents became. It was estimated that the higher social and economic status one had, the greater the possibility was that he would use his status to obtain Bonmungis and title documents and thus have his ownership firmly guaranteed. Future study will need to demonstrate this by analyzing more contract documents.departmental bulletin pape