Nederlandse ingenieurs en de fortificatiewerken in het eerste tijdperk van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1573-1604

Due to legislation the major part of the fortifications in the Netherlands was demolished in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The industrial revolution required more space for factories and for an infrastructure of railroads and canals. In many fast growing cities, such as Utrecht, the walls were transformed into parks and boulevards. In smaller towns, such as Enkhuizen, the fortifications remained intact. In the 20th century, especially after the Second World War, some Dutch strongholds were entirely reconstructed, for example Naarden, Heusden and, most recently, Bourtange. Zie Summar