The ‘ non-public’ provision of ‘ public’ goods : an exploratory analysis The ‘ public’ or ‘ collective’ nature of some goods and services has often legitimated the intervention of the ‘ visible hand’ of the state. The new institutional economics, initiated by Coase, raises objections against this rationale. First, several heterodox authors question the nature of goods and they show that the ‘ public or private nature’ is socially constructed at several stages, i. e. financing, production and access. Consequently, economics implications resulting from this distinction are seriously contested. Second, Coase and his followers challenge the public goods rationale for government production based on economic efficiency grounds. The new instituti...