Monetary innovations conveyed a contestation of the existing monetary system. Local currencies and cryptocurrencies participate in this process. Local currencies convey a monetary contestation focused on social and ecology at the territorial and local level, while cryptocurrencies, whose Bitcoin is the most emblematic initiative, thanks to a Blockchain technology, contest the monetary system by offering transnational alternatives. The thesis aims to demonstrate these two radically different monetary innovations convey alternative political projects which participate in the same process of emergence of new monetary spaces potentially carriers of institutional change.The challenge raised by these monetary innovations is first grasped in its d...