International audienceAlthough heat waves are the deadliest extreme weather events, their impacts are rarely considered from an economic perspective. This lack of knowledge, coupled with a low perception of this risk, is a barrier to the implementation of adaptation measures. We assessed the economic burden of the health impacts of heat waves in metropolitan France between 2015 and 2020. Methods - We used emergency room visits and SOS Médecins visits for a selection of heat-related causes to assess their costs. Excess mortality and loss of life expectancy were also valued, as well as the loss of wellbeing due to restricted activity. Total cost-of-illness (direct, indirect and intangible costs) and willingness-to-pay approaches were used. Re...