The sociological and political questions raised by Montesquieu’s texts integrate the figure of the people as an important element on which the philosopher’s reflection is based. The people become thus an object of discourse crossed by a permanent ambivalence. It sometimes refers to a human group gathered under the same laws without class distinction, and sometimes to the part of the nation that is economically and politically dominated. It is an element of the political society in which its place is determined by the type of regime, but it also constitutes a dangerous and uncontrollable mass whose quasi-bestial ardors must be curbed. From then on, the deconstruction of Montesquieu’s representations of the people becomes our main task in so ...