Add to ORKGDemands on forests have shifted from one (production) to multiple ecosystem services. New management strategies need to be developed to balance production and other services. In this thesis, I evaluate alternative forest management strategies to balance production, profit, and multiple ecosystem services. I also emphasize describing young Swedish forests. Field experiments and national inventory data from Sweden were analysed in this thesis. No negative effect of rectangular planting design during forest establishment was found on the production of coniferous plantations. This provides an opportunity to select microsites for planting seedlings that can improve regeneration while facilitating existing forest operations or introducing new...