Educational and Skills Mismatches and Labor Market Performance

○ 학력∙스킬 미스매치 현황을 살펴보면, 적정 학력은 61.0%인 반면, 적정 스킬은 전체의 약 85%로 나타나 학력 미스매치가 스킬 미스매치보다 높음. ○ 과잉 학력은 27.0%로, 연령이 높고 기업 규모가 작을수록 높게 나타났으며, 학력별로는 전문대졸(39.4%)이 중졸(26.4%), 고졸(24.0%)과 4년제 대졸 이상(23.8%)보다 높음. ○ 과잉 스킬은 10% 내외로, 연령이 낮고 학력이 높을수록, 또 기업 규모가 클수록 높게 나타남. ○ 16~65세 취업자 중 적정 학력의 월평균 소득은 261만 2천 원인 반면, 과잉 학력은 210만 8천 원, 과소학력은 236만 3천 원임. ○ 과잉 학력은 적정 학력에 비해 상용직 종사 확률은 47.8% 낮고, 정규직 고용 확률은 48.7% 낮음. ○ 기업에서는 학력중심의 인사정책을 직무능력중심으로 개편하여 채용, 승진, 임금 보상을 실시해야 할 것임.○ With respect to educational and skill mismatches, 61.0% have an optimum level of education whereas approximately 85% have appropriate skills, which indicates that the educational mismatch is more serious than the skills mismatch. ○ 27.0% have been over-educated, with excessive education is more commonly found in older age groups and in smaller companies. In terms of education levels, 39.4% of two-year college graduates have an excessive level of education, which is higher than those with middle school education (26.4%), high school education (24.0%), and those with a four-year college education or higher (23.8%). ○ The percentage of over-skilled people is about 10% and the cases of excessive skill are more commonly found in younger age groups, among those with higher levels of education, and in larger companies. Among employed people aged 16 to 65, the average monthly wage of people with an optimum level of education is 2.612 million won, as compared to 2.108 million won earned by over-educated people and 2.363 million won earned by under-educated people. ○ Compared to a person with optimum level of education, an over-educated person is 47.8% less likely to be working in a full-time job, and is 48.7% less likely to be hired in a regular job. ○ Companies need to carry out recruitment, promotion, and wage compensation practices after reforming their education level-oriented human resource policy to a competency-based one