Reinforcing HRD Functions of Industry-Academia Clusters

산학클러스터에서 가장 중요한 것은 대학과 기업이 공동으로 혁신적이고 현장적응력 있는 인적 자원을 개발하는 일일 것이다. 특히, 지역 균형발전을 위해 혁신클러스터를 육성할 필요가 있으며, 이는 인적자원개발이 핵심이 되는 산학 클러스터의 발전을 기반으로써 가능할 것으로 본다. 아울러 국내외 우수인력의 유치를 위한 지방 정주여건 개선과 인센티브 제공이 발전의 필수 조건 일 것이다. 또한 인력의 수요와 공급 불일치 격차를 좁혀 나가고, 숙련인력의 안정적 공급을 위한 지역 노동시장 형성이 클러스터의 진화를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소가 된다. 이 연구에서 해외 선진 클러스터 분석으로 추출된 공통적 성공변수들 중 가장 중요한 것은, 지역 산업을 주도하고 지역인재를 흡수하는 앵커기업과 연구기관이 존재이다. 혁신 클러스터로 진화 하는 과정에는 일정한 임계가 존재하는데, 앵커기업은 이를 넘어서는 데 결정적 역할을 수행한다. 또한 클러스터가 입지한 지역사회의 문화, 기업조직 문화의 개방성 정도도 많은 영향을 끼친다. 그리고, 선진 클러스터들은 지역사회 내 각종 혁신주체들과 네트워킹이 활발하게 이루어지고 있 으며 개별기업 차원의 독립적 인적자원개발보다 지역 내 인적자원개발 파트너쉽을 구축하여 비용 과 위험을 분산하는 것이 일반적이다. ○ 주요 내용 - 산학클러스터의 인적자원개발 기능 - 해외 산학클러스터의 HRD 성공 사례 - 선진국 산학클러스터의 공통적 성공변수 - 국내 산학클러스터의 분서과 평가 - 산학클러스터의 HRD 긴으 강화를 위한 정책과제1. Research Outline This study is conducted for the purpose of indicating the direction of strengthening human resources development in the industrial clusters which are at the stage of germination to seek the effective results. In this research 5 industrial clusters are analyzed in the perspective of developmental phases of industries, networking to stake holders, the function of human resources development in the clusters. Several successful foreign cases are analyzed and deduced some lessons from it. Finally, the strengthening measures of HRD in each cluster are drawn. As methodologies of the research literature survey, analysis of the foreign successful models, focus-interview and consultation with the related experts and specialists, 2. Developmental Phases of Industrial Clusters The clusters are distinguished as industrial clusters, industrial districts, innovative clusters according to the development Industrial clusters are simply geographically accumulated region of certain industries. Cluster can be defined as 'geographic concentration of competing and cooperating companies, suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions' that creates value added through knowledge share and transfer among members. Agglomeration and spatial concentration imply that there is no cooperation among actors, but these are often the bases for the cluster analysis and understood as the potential innovation cluster. Innovative clusters are certain geographical regions in which contiguous innovation actors are networking systematically to achieve continuous increment of production. In healthy regions, competitiveness and innovation are concentrated in clusters, or interrelated industries, in which the region specializes. The nation's ability to produce high-value products and services depends on the creation and strengthening of these regional hubs of competitiveness and innovation. Industry-Academia Industry is an aggregate where industries, universities, and other educational institutes are located and networked to collaborate for HRD, and R&ampD and dissemination of new technology and knowledges The most determining factor of the development of the cluster is provision of the skilled workforce and stable labor market. Especially, the human resources development focusing on the in-service job carrying and innovating competences with the academia-industry cooperation in the region. 3. Successful HRD Cases of Foreign Advanced Clusters Six models of five countries as best practices of HRD in cluster are analyzed in the perspective of networking and HRD programs. The sex models analyzed are Silicon Valley and Research Triangle, USA, Windsor-Essex, Canada, Oulu Technopolis, Finland, Kista Science Park, Sweden, Tuttlingen, Germany. The lessons drawn from the foreign clusters are as follows. First, it is the most important to support the development of th cluster that the human resources for production and R&ampD should be smoothly and stably provided to meet the needs of the regional industries. Second, the settlement and life environment should be constructed to induce the qualitative workforce and sustain the cluster. Third, the leadership of the entrepreneurship, politicians, or an intelligent of regional and national levels are critical points. Fourth, the networking of the educational institutions and industries are more important that the existence of the good institutions. 4. Situations of the Domestic Industrial Clusters The current situations of the five domestic industrial clusters are analyzed to deduce the developmental devices: those are Banwol-Sihwa Machine-Parts Cluster, Wonju Medical Appliances Cluster, Daejeon-Daedeok R&ampD Cluster, Gwangju Optical Electronics Industry Cluster, and Changwon Automobile Parts Industry Cluster. Almost of these clusters still are at the stage of germinating. To perform the regional innovation and to leap up to the advanced stage the networking of industries and colleges &ampuniversities for human resources development should be preceded. Banwol-Sihwa Machine-Parts Industry Cluster has been constructed with the leading role of the conglomeration of the industries. Daedeok R&ampD Cluster has been spoon-fed R&ampD industry cluster with the strong infrastructure of qualitative research institutes and research pools. Wonju Medical Appliance Industry Cluster was constructed with the leadership of university intellectual with poor human resources and poor industries. Gwangju Optical Electronics Industry Cluster was made with active investment and support from the central government and local autonomous entities. Changwon Auto-Parts Cluster was made with the initiative of same kinds of industries supported by some universities. 5. Activating measures of HRD capacity toward Industry-Academia Clusters The industrial clusters are divided into four typologies being analyzed and assessed with two dimensions, those are the degree of evolution and the level of HRD capacities of the clusters. 'Type I' includes the clusters that the HRD is rather well conducted and the evolution stage of the industries is relatively advanced. The clusters of 'Type II' are that the HRD is rather well conducted while the evolution stage of the industries is relatively lagged behind. 'Type III' includes the clusters that the HRD is rather poorly conducted and the evolution stage of the industries is relatively advanced. 'Type IV' includes the clusters that the HRD is rather well conducted and the evolution stage of the industries is relatively advanced. The domestic clusters are just at the germinating stages only yet. However to characterize the uniqueness of the clusters so as to make a diagnosis to developmental policies and activating plans the clusters are evaluated they are assigned and classified into 4 categoriaes. Changwon Auto-Parts Cluster and Daedeok R&ampD District correspond to the Type I. Gwangju Optical Electronics Industry Cluster is featured as Type II. Banwol-Sihwa Machine-Parts Industry Cluster corresponds to Type III. Wonju Medical Appliances Industry Cluster is featured as Type IV. Regardless of the typology classification, these clusters have tasks to strengthen the networking and innovative capacities in common. Also to eradicate the mismatch of provision and demand of labor force the strengthening the industry-academia cooperation should be pursued. Several measures to activate the HRD capacities of the clusters toward industry-academia clusters are drawn from the overseas cases studies and analysis of the current domestic situations as follows. First, the co-ordination and co-operation among the ministers and offices of central government are necessary to improve the HRD capacities to meet the demands of the industries located in the cluster. Second, the new governance system will be constructed by strengthening the partnership for the regional human resources development. Third, to identify the region of the cluster for industries and educational institutions whole in one area the maximization of the industry-academia cooperation will be promoted. Fourth, to induce the talented human resources to be settled and established in the region, living environment educational environment, welfare, regional culture, convenience facilities and even incentives should be arranged. Fifth, to ensure the quality and quantity of skilled workforce working environment and living conditions are equipped. Sixth, education and training programs should be strengthened to maintain specialized experts. Seventh, the role of regional government to support the clusters as well as that of central government is quite important. Eighth, the enactment of the cooperation for the regional human resources development is needed. Although every laws and ordiances related to the industry-academia cooperation do not have those for organizational compositions which include each ministry and offices for the cooperation. The preparation of the cooperation policies, and the development of measures are required. The organizations taking complete charges of the cooperation should be establish. This study can be a referring material to policy-making for fostering the industry-academia clusters.요 약 제1장 서론 제1절 연구의 필요성과 목적 1 1. 연구의 필요성 1 2. 연구의 목적 3 제2절 연구의 내용 3 제3절 연구 방법 5 제2장 산학클러스터의 이론적 논의 제1절 국내외 최근 동향 9 제2절 클러스터의 개념과 유형 12 1. 클러스터의 개념 14 2. 클러스터의 유형 16 3. 산학 네트워킹의 중요성 20 제3절 산학클러스터와 HRD 23 1. 산학클러스터의 인적자원개발 기능 23 2. 산학클러스터의 구성요소 25 3. 산학클러스터 분석의 틀 27 제3장 해외 산학클러스터의 HRD 성공사례 제1절 미국 31 1. 실리콘밸리의 발전과정 32 2. 리서치 트라이앵글 파크의 발전과정 48 3. 실리콘밸리와 리서치 트라이앵글 파크의 HRD 64 4. 실리콘밸리와 리서치 트라이앵글 파크의 시사점 79 제2절 캐나다 80 1. 윈저-에섹스 자동차 부품산업클러스터의 발전과정 81 2. 윈저-에섹스 자동차 부품산업클러스터의 HRD 93 3. 윈저-에섹스 클러스터의 시사점 103 제3절 핀란드 109 1. 오울루 테크노폴리스의 발전과정 109 2. 오울루 테크노폴리스의 HRD 112 3. 오울루 테크노폴리스의 시사점 127 제4절 스웨덴 128 1. 시스타 사이언스 파크의 발전과정 129 2. 시스타 사이언스 파크의 HRD 131 3. 시스타 사이언스 파크의 시사점 146 제5절 독일 148 1. 튀틀링겐 클러스터의 발전과정 148 2. 튀틀링겐 클러스터의 HRD 163 3. 튀틀링겐 클러스터의 시사점 177 제4장 국내 산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 현황 제1절 국내 산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 현황 181 1. 반월 시화 클러스터의 발전과정과 현황 181 2. 반월 시화 클러스터의 네트워킹 191 3. 부품산업클러스터의 HRD 197 4. 반월 시화 부품산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화 방안 222 제2절 대덕 R&D 클러스터 225 1. 대덕 R&D 클러스터의 발전과정과 현황 225 2. 대덕 클러스터의 네트워킹 236 3. R&D 클러스터의 HRD 251 4. 대덕 R&D 클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화 방안 267 제3절 원주 의료기기클러스터 270 1. 원주 의료기기클러스터의 발전과정과 현황 270 2. 원주 의료기기클러스터의 네트워킹 280 3. 의료기기클러스터의 HRD 286 4. 원주 의료기기산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화 방안 305 제4절 광주 광산업클러스터와 HRD 311 1. 광주 광산업클러스터의 발전과정과 현황 311 2. 광산업클러스터의 네트워킹 324 3. 광산업클러스터와 HRD 331 4. 광주 광산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화 방안 341 제5절 창원 기계산업클러스터 343 1. 창원 기계산업단지의 발전과정과 현황 343 2. 창원 클러스터의 네트워킹 351 3. 기계산업클러스터의 HRD 356 4. 창원 기계산업클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화 방안 365 제5장 산학클러스터의 HRD 기능강화 방안 제1절 유형별 산학클러스터의 HRD 기능강화 방안 369 1. 선진국 산학클러스터의 공통적 성공변수 369 2. 국내 산학클러스터의 분석과 평가 376 3. 산학클러스터의 유형별 발전방안 378 제2절 산학클러스터의 HRD 기능 강화를 위한 정책과제 386 제6장 결론 제1절 산학클러스터의 기능 강화 효과 393 제2절 연구의 특징과 한계 395 제3절 정책제언과 후속 연구과제 396 SUMMARY 399 참고문헌 40