International audienceThis article begins with a review of the main terms used in the definition of the Early Neolithic in Languedoc. This short overview enables us to have a critical point of view of these definitions in the light of the most recent knowledge and thus to explain the problematics. Then, we present the latest data from Languedoc resulting from works in progress, from recent excavations and from the ACR research project presented at the beginning of this book. The discussion concerns first the Cardial culture of Languedoc through the question of its chronology and that of its identity compared to Provence and Catalonia. Then some comments are made about a new definition of Epicardial components.Cet article débute par une rapi...