A three-phase study to develop and validate a Chinese coping strategies scales in Greater China

A three-phase study was conducted among Chinese employees in Greater China to develop and validate the Chinese coping strategies that were most common and frequently used. By adopting a qualitative open-ended methodology and quantitative surveys (using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), the internal consistency and factor structure of the developed 12-item Chinese coping strategies has been demonstrated, and some evidence for construct validity has been provided. The structures of Chinese coping strategies include four factors: active positive coping, passive adaptive coping, social support and hobbies/relaxation. The results also show that active positive coping, social support, and hobbies/relaxation have a beneficial role on work well-being (job satisfaction, physical and behavioral symptoms), whereas passive adaptive coping relatively has a maladaptive effect