Odpornost kmetij s prirejo mleka z različnimi prilagoditvami proizvodnega načrta

In this study, the resilience of farm production plan through different management adjustments was analyzed. For this purpose, a farm model based on mathematical programming was applied. Through organized workshops typical farms focusing on dairy production were defined through qualitative and quantitative classification. Data were obtained from various databases and expert assessments from the agricultural sector. Analysis of resilience was carried out for three of these typical dairy farms. Using the farm model, the production plan of each farm was reconstructed in the first step and then tested for possible deviations from the baseline. Gross margin was used as the main economic indicator. The results show that the typical farms have very different levels of efficiency and potential for improvement. Furthermore, it was found that all farms can achieve significantly higher gross margin only with improved feed quality, which indirectly leads to a lower need for purchased feed and consequently to lower variable costs and higher gross margin. The level of the latter is also significantly affected by the milk yield achieved, especially on larger farms. However, on smaller farms they can improve profitability more significantly by keeping dairy cows on pasture to a greater extent, which results in a reduction in harvesting costs.V študiji smo analizirali odpornost proizvodnih načrtov kmetij z različnimi prilagoditvami upravljanja. V ta namen smo uporabili model kmetijskih gospodarstev, ki je temeljil na matematičnem programiranju. Z organiziranimi delavnicami smo s kvalitativno in kvantitativno klasifikacijo definirali tipična kmetijska gospodarstva usmerjana v prirejo mleka. Podatke smo pridobili iz različnih podatkovnih zbirk in strokovnih ocen. Analizo prožnosti smo opravili na treh tipičnih kmetijah. V prvem koraku smo z modelom rekonstruirali proizvodni načrt vsake kmetije in nadalje analizirali morebitna odstopanja od izhodišča. Kot glavni ekonomski kazalnik smo uporabili bruto dodano vrednost (BDV). Ugotovili smo, da imajo analizirane kmetije zelo različne stopnje učinkovitosti, kot tudi možnosti za izboljšanje. Nadalje smo ugotovili, da lahko vse kmetije dosežejo pomembno višje pokritje zgolj z izboljšano kakovostjo pridelane krme, kar posredno privede do manjših potreb po kupljeni krmi in posledično nižjih spremenljivih stroškov ter višje bruto dodane vrednosti. Na višino slednje pomembno vpliva tudi dosežena mlečnost, zlasti je ta vpliv izrazit na večjih kmetijah. Na manjših kmetijah pa lahko ekonomičnost izboljšajo predvsem z vključevanjem večjega obsega paše krav molznic, kar vpliva predvsem na znižanje stroškov spravila