Quantum user authentication with nonentanglement-based QKD protocol

In this paper, we propose a secure user authentication protocol with nonentanglement -based QKD on jammable public channels between two parties, Alice and Bob. First, via an arbitrator (Trent), the protocol provides both quantum authentication and quantum key distribution. Second, due to the registration to the Trusted Third Party and the initial bit string of Alice (or Bob), used for reversing the photon, only Alice (or Bob) could make the operation according to IA (or IB) . In other words, the protocol also provides quantum signature. © 2007 IEEE