Ensuring the integrity of components throughout their lifespan is a major industrial issue, especially for nuclear facilities. The safety assessments of components must cover all possible situations, including very exceptional ones, such as earthquakes. For a monotonic loading, several theoretical frameworks exist to predict crack growths. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the behavior of cavities, laboratory test specimens and a representative structure of a secondary nuclear power plant piping subjected to cyclic loadings. This experimental study is complemented by in-situ X-ray tomography tests conducted on axisymmetric notched tensile specimens loaded cyclically. The second part of this thesis is de...