The thesis describes the low-energy photoionization of DNA guanine quadruplexes (G-Quadruplexes) in aqueous solution. G-quadruplexes are four-stranded structures involved in important biological functions and studied for applications in nanotechnology. Their photoionization generates electrons and guanine radicals, which are precursors to DNA damage and essential for the development of photoconductivity-based biosensors. 16 different model structures, as well as genomic DNA were studied by is nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with 266 nm excitation. It was shown that the photoionization quantum yields Φ strongly depend on the secondary structure. The Φ values of G-Quadruplexes reach 10⁻², while those of duplexes does not exceed 2...