The Grappling of high rise buildings subjected to lateral loads

The task of structural engineer is to arrive at suitable structural systems, to resist gravity, lateral, fire and blast loadings. The architects and owners often require the weight of a structural system in N/sq. m. of the weight of structural steel. The design of tall buildings involves the following design criteria, Strength – stresses within permissible limits. Serviceability – displacements within specified limits. Human Comfort – accelerations within specified limits. Stability – sufficient safety against buckling and P-Delta effects. Ductility – sufficient safety against yielding under extreme events. This paper presents the structural behavior of high-rise buildings with different structural system caused due to wind and seismic effects. The grappling for the realization of salient aspects of the structural design methodology deployed for the tall buildings are covered in this paper. The grappling of structural engineer about structural system, which is indispensable for the realization of optimum structural system for tall buildings subjected to wind and seismic forces are discussed in this paper in view of tall structures such as 1) Mega-structures, 2) Cellular Structures and 3) Bridged Structures