The present paper provides an overview of past, present, and proposed models of differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union. First, it reviews the quantitative and qualitative evidence on the historical use of differentiation from 1958 to 2020, finding that it is a common but relatively secondary feature of European integration and that the three idealtypical models identified in the literature (multi-speed, multi-tier, and multi-menu) are deployed in an eclectic, versatile, and constrained manner, which could be termed ‘reluctant differentiation’. Second, it examines and assesses a sample of 21 reform proposals covering the full range of possibilities for the future development of the EU: from total disintegration to a federal un...
The notion of Differentiated Integration is increasingly used in the literature on European integrat...
The editor's introduction describes the premise of the Special Issue, introduces the theoretical fra...
In the past few years, there have been few discussions about the future of the European Union (EU) t...
Differentiated integration is a mechanism that furthers consensual agreement in a diverse membership...
Research on differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU) has focused on the causes, co...
There is now an abundant conceptual and empirical literature on differentiated integration in the EU...
Differentiation has been a feature of European integration for more than two decades. Nowadays, more...
The present manual offers to policymakers and practitioners a comprehensive and ready-to-use toolkit...
Have the EU’s crises reinforced the differentiated integration of the EU? Has differentiated integra...
This paper conceptualizes the European Union (EU) as a system of differentiated integration characte...
Differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU) has mainly been understood as variation i...
Differentiation is becoming an increasingly salient feature of European integration. The multi‐facet...
In recent years, leading political actors and institutions have suggested further differentiation as...
This is the final version. Available from the European University Institute via the link in this rec...
A growing literature is studying the phenomenon of differentiated integration (DI) in the European U...
The notion of Differentiated Integration is increasingly used in the literature on European integrat...
The editor's introduction describes the premise of the Special Issue, introduces the theoretical fra...
In the past few years, there have been few discussions about the future of the European Union (EU) t...
Differentiated integration is a mechanism that furthers consensual agreement in a diverse membership...
Research on differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU) has focused on the causes, co...
There is now an abundant conceptual and empirical literature on differentiated integration in the EU...
Differentiation has been a feature of European integration for more than two decades. Nowadays, more...
The present manual offers to policymakers and practitioners a comprehensive and ready-to-use toolkit...
Have the EU’s crises reinforced the differentiated integration of the EU? Has differentiated integra...
This paper conceptualizes the European Union (EU) as a system of differentiated integration characte...
Differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU) has mainly been understood as variation i...
Differentiation is becoming an increasingly salient feature of European integration. The multi‐facet...
In recent years, leading political actors and institutions have suggested further differentiation as...
This is the final version. Available from the European University Institute via the link in this rec...
A growing literature is studying the phenomenon of differentiated integration (DI) in the European U...
The notion of Differentiated Integration is increasingly used in the literature on European integrat...
The editor's introduction describes the premise of the Special Issue, introduces the theoretical fra...
In the past few years, there have been few discussions about the future of the European Union (EU) t...